The Interim Government of 2047 BS
1. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai: PM, Defence, Foreign Affairs Palace (NC)
2. Sahana Pradhan – Minister: Industry and Commerce (ULF)
3. Yog Prasad Upadhyay –Minister: Home and Communication (NC)
4. Marshal Julum Sakya-Minister: Construction, Transport and Supply (NC)
5. Mahendra Narayan Nidhi-Minister: Water resource and Local development(NC)
6. Jhalanath Khanal- Minister: Forest, Land reforms and Agriculture (ULF)
7. Nilambar Acharya – Minister: Labour and Social welfare, Law and Tourism (ULF)
8. Devendra Raj Panday- Minister: Finance (Independent)
9. Mathura Prasad Shrestha- Minister: Health (Independent)
10. Achyut Raj Regmi- Minister: Housing And Physical Planning
11. Keshar Jung Rayamajhi –Minister: Education and Culture and General Administration
This cabinet was entrusted with two important tasks –
(i) getting a new constitution written and
(ii) holding the elections to parliament. On Jestha 16, 2047 BS a nine-member constitution draft committee was formed by King Birendra to draft the constitution within three months. This constitution was promulgated by King Birendra on Kartik 23, 2047 BS which has 23 parts, 133 articles, and 3 schedules. The main features of the constitution are as follows:
1. Constitution, the source of all laws
2. Sovereignty inherent in people
3. Multiparty democracy and constitutional monarchy
4. Bicameral parliament
5. Provision of fundamental rights and human rights
6. Provision of constitutional organs
7. Independent Judiciary
8. Adult franchise
The second elections to the parliament were held on 29 Baisakh 2048 BS. The Nepali Congress got the majority and its leader Girija Prasad Koirala formed the cabinet. There was a mid-term poll in 2051 BS. This time, no party could secure clear majority but CPN (UML) emerged as the largest party. Even after half decade, Nepal couldn't have a stable and established system of government. The issues of decentralization and public participation were overshadowed due to the politics of power. This all forced the Maoists to go underground and they started an armed ‘people’s war’ from the midwest on 1 Falgun, 2052.
In the meantime, King Birendra and all his family members were assassinated in the Palace on Jestha 19, 2058 BS. Then Gyanendra ascended the throne. Soon Aswin 18, 2059 he dismissed the elected Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba using Article 17 of the constitution.
The political parties could not keep mum. The King went on suspending the constitution article one after another and becoming a dictator. The parliamentary political parties realized theft they needed to bring the Maoist into confidence in their struggle against the regression. The government left no stone unturned to suppress the movement and many prohibited areas were demarcated, curfews were imposed, political activities were banned and firings were ordered. More than 4 lakh people took to the ring road of Kathmandu. On Baisakh 12, all the top leaders like Girija Prasad Koirala and Madhav Kumar Nepal were to come to the street with 2 million demonstrators. Finding no alternative, King Gyanendra, through his announcement reinstated the House of Representatives, returned sovereign and state power to the people on Baisakh 11, 2063 BS. This is known as People’s Movement II.
Then the movement of people stopped. On Jestha 4, 2063 BS the restored House of Representative adopted a historic declaration that made some important changes:
1. All the powers of the King were suspended. His property was made taxable.
2. Royal Nepal Army was named Nepal Army.
3. His Majesty’s Government was replaced by Nepal Government.
4. Nepal was declared a secular country.
5. The existing National Anthem was suspended.
In addition to this changes, the House of Representative decided for the following things:
Elections to the Constituent Assembly
Negotiations with the Maoist
Interim Constitution
New National Anthem
On Ashad 2, 2063 BS an 8-point Agreement was reached between the seven parties and the Maoists. On Mangsir 5, 2063 the Comprehensive Peace Accord was signed by the Maoists and the government under the UN mediation. Later the Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 BS was promulgated on Magh 1, 2063 BS. The first meeting of the assembly declared the abolition of the monarchy on 15 Jestha, 2065. Two months later, Ram Baran Yadav was declared the first President of Nepal.
On the 19th of Magh 2061 B.S then King Gyanendra detained all political leaders including Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba and formed the government under his chairmanship. In your option, what type of work did he? Write.
The move of the King Gyanendra on 2061, Magh 19 was guided by an over ambitious concept to impose autocracy in Nepal.
Mention any three positive changes in Nepalese life after the comprehensive peace accord 2063.
The comprehensive peace agreement 2063 was held between the governments and armed revolutionary Maoist. It paved few positive steps in the history of Nepal which are are:
1. 12 year long indecisive unpeaceful state came to end.
2. Peace is possible even after war, this sense was proved.
3. The inclusion of the Maoist in the peace process and parliamentary affairs, interim constitution and interim government was made possible.
How do you evaluate political events developed after 2063 B.S? Write in four points.
Nepal has undergone several political ups and downs. Political instabilities weaken the development process of the country. These instabilities have been observed after the unification of Nepal. Several political systems have been exercised for a new political realm but later again the trend of destines in politics is witnessed.
In my opinion the political development after 2063 was considerably satisfactory in the beginning. But then grew unnecessary environment of negotiations in one's favor rather than the sake of country's development. After the election of constituent Assembly, the CPN Maoist emerged as the largest political party. But its role wasn't as expected, though it formed its government. In the latter days there came unhealthy environment of power greed rather than the focus on constitution drafting.
In the latter days, it is clearly seems that the political leaders are more interested in strengthening one's own power rather than doing any praiseworthy act for the sake of country. As a result the parliaments have been publicly facing mistreatments. They seem interested on earning through allowances per month and retain the power.
What criteria will you use to evaluate the special publication published on the people's movement 2046 B.S.?
The criteria to be used to evaluate the special published on the people's movement of 2046 can be enumerated as follows:
1. How far the information given is based on facts?
2. Whether the photography and pictures are authentic or not.
3. Whether the dates and places corroborate the events.
4. If there is a flavor of party politics.
5. Whether there are sample proofs to support the people's struggle or not.
Write short notes on Late King Birendra.
Late King Birendra was born in Narayanhiti Royal Palace on 14th Poush 2002 B.S. He was the eldest son of king Mahendra and his senior queen Indra Rajya Laxmi Devi Shah. He completed his higher education at the most renowned academic institution abroad such as St. Joseph's school, Boston College, Tokyo University and Harvard University. King Birendra was married to queen Aishwarya on 16th Falgun 2016. They were blessed with two sons and a daughter. Late King Birendra stressed upon the need of balanced development. Before he divided the country into four and later on five development regions he had underlined high rate of growth of population, deep rooted ignorance and illiteracy and low level of skill and knowledge as the problems of development of Nepal. In the process of development he was one of the most local members of the SAARC which was established for the regional cooperation in South Asia. In a sorrowful and unprecedented academy at Narayanhiti Royal Palace, all family members of king Birendra were massacred recently on 19th Jestha 2058 B.S. It was the most shameful incident in the history of Nepal.
Why is November 2011 taken as an important day in the peace process of Nepal?