Replacing the parliamentary democracy with Panchayat system, King Mahendra adopted a measure to strengthen his direct rule. He established Panchayat Ministry. The country was divided into 14 Zones and 75 Districts. The constitution of Nepal 2019 gave the party-less system. After the takeover of 2017 BS, the Nepali Congress leader Suvarna Shumsher announced an armed struggle. The government began to take very suppressive measures. As a result, the armed struggle was called off.
Janakpur Incident
In the meantime when King Mahendra was at Janakpur visit on 2018 BS, Durgananda Jha hurled a bomb at his jeep. The king had a narrow escape. This incident is known as Janakpur Incident. Durgananda was arrested along with two other men (Arabinda Kumar Thakur and Dalsingh Thapa). Durgananda Jha was hanged to death and the remaining two were sentenced to live imprisonment.
In 2020 B.S., the Muluki Ain was changed. It ensured that everyone was equal in law. Child marriage was banned and divorce was allowed. The first amendment to the constitution on 2019 BS was made in 2023 BS.
Death of King Mahendra
In 2028 BS King Mahendra was in Chitwan for hunting. There he died suddenly of heart attack at Diyala Bungalow. After his death, the Crown Prince Birendra became king of Nepal.
Sukhani Massacre
Some young communists in Jhapa had revolted against the government. Some insurgents who were involved in the rebellion were caught and brought to Sukhani in Ilam where they were killed. Thus, this event is known as Sukhani Massacre. Those who were caught and killed were Ramnath Dahal, Narayan Shrestha, Krishna Kuinkel, Netra Prasad Ghimire, and Biren Rajbanshi.
Singh Durbar Blaze
In 2030 BS Singh Durbar caught fire. How it happened was a mystery. Kirti Nidhi Bista was the Prime Minister then. It is said many important documents were burned into ashes.
Timburbote Incident
In 2031 BS the Panchayat government killed many democrats such as Ram Laxman, Captain Yagya Bahadur Thapa and Bhim Narayan Shrestha in Okhaldhunga. This carnage is called Timburbote Incident.
Later on 26 Mangsir, 2032 the second amendment to the panchayat constitution was made and it incorporated a new slogan “Politics for Development”. This amendment also made “Back to Village National Campaign” a constitutional organ.
Referendum
On Chaitra 22, 2035 the military government of Pakistan executed the former Pakistani Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali. Here in Kathmandu, the Nepali students organized a huge procession in protest of the execution and were proceeding towards the Pakistani Embassy to deliver a letter of condemnation but the police resorted to violence and stopped them. Many students were injured in the clash. This further agitated the students and gave birth to a student movement.
In the beginning, the demands were directed towards educational reformations but, later on, they become political. The movement turned violent as political parties with more extreme characters also participated. At last on Jestha 10, 2036 BS King Birendra had to announce a referendum asking people to choose between “Reformed panchayat System” and “Multiparty Democracy”. A 15-member National Election Commission under Chief Justice Bhagwati Prasad Singh was formed to conduct the poll which was held on Baisakh 20, 2037 B.S. Thus, the victory went in favor of the Panchayat System. But this didn't throw cold water on the zeal of the democrats. They had to wait for ten years.
The constitution of Nepal 2019 B.S. was amended three times. What kinds of changes were there? Write
The constitution of Nepal 2019 B.S. was declared to support takeover of the Poush 1, 2017. It legally introduced the party less panchyati system. The amendments were done three times. They were
1. Panchyati system was considered as the directive principles.
2. Politics for development was mentioned.
3. 'Go to village campaign' was made constitutional organ.
The civil act was proclaimed on bhadra 1, 2020. From then onwards the court has not punished anyone on the basis of caste, sex and race. Even then discriminations still prevails in the society. Women are exploited in various ways. How can you involve yourself in the task of eradicating it completely? Make a plan.
After the announcement of 'Muluki ain' no person shall be discriminated on the grounds of caste, sex, religion. Court also doesn't punish people on the basis of caste, sex, religion and race. But the discrimination still prevail in the society. Women are exploited in various ways. I can involve myself in the task of eradicating it completely. My plan would be as follows:
1. No partiality in school.
2. Equal opportunity to all without discrimination on the basis of caste and sex.
3. Encourage people to go to court and take the help of law if there is any kind of discrimination.
"Develop the feeling that a male and female are the two wheels of the same cart. God will be happy if the women are treated as equals". What kinds of change have been made in education till now after 2017 B.S? Write it by taking help from your teachers and parents.
I've asked to my parents and teachers, too. Their answers seem as the following:
1. Implementation of New Education System Plan 2028 B.S.
2. Focus on vocational education.
3. Changes in the structure of education.
4. Primary education was made free.
5. Additional number of universities.
6. Participation of private sectors in education.
7. Consideration of education as a basic need.
8. Implementation of Basic primary education project.
9. Extension of non-formal education.
10. Proportional development in education to some extent.
11. More priority to women in education.
Muluki ain was introduced on 1st bhadra 2020 with provisions of women's rights and no social discrimination on the basis of caste. Is it actively implemented in our community? Mention the ways to make it more effective.
There is the discrimination in my society. The supressed people are thought to be untouchable. Wemen have to face the domination by their husbands. To solve these problems, I have the following suggestions.
1. The women and depressed caste people should be aware of their rights.
2. The teacher and the students should promote public awareness.
3. Volunteers should visit village areas to promote awareness of their rights.
4. Social Organization can play a role against it.
5. The victimized people should be encouraged to go to court.
6. Laws should be strictly implemented.
How did three prominent leaders of the Nepali Congress praise the declaration of referendum?
The three prominent leaders of Nepali Congress praised the declaration of referendum like this:
Mr. B.P Koirala termed it as the king's trust on democracy and a step forward towards the restoration of democracy after 2007 B.S. He appealed to the government not to take major decision, which might create problems to the new government.
Mr. K.P. Bhattarai explained that multiparty system was a symbol of independence as such all votes must make this referendum successful.
Ganesh Man Singh requested the existing government to create necessary prerequisites for the referendum that is to suspend all local and national bodies of the Panchayat system and bring fundamental changes in their procedure.
Why did Nepali Congress, leftist front, and joint national revolution committee decide to revolt?
The first elected government was dissolved by king Mahendra. Due to the activities of political parties and foreign pressure, king Birendra held the referendum. The result of the referendum was made in favour of Panchayati system by hook and crook. Then after all the political powers of Nepal got united in 2046 and revolted massively on the against of Panchayati government. The main causes of revolution were:
1. Extension of the organization of political parties' national wide.
2. Creation of consciousness in the people.
3. Growth of democratic power.
4. Support of Indian democratic power to the Nepalese revolution.
5. Anti-public activities of then rulers.
6. Deprive of rights to people.
7. Arrest and suppression of people by the rulers