7. Summary
एङ्ग्लोफोनको संसारमा एक टर्मिनल ब्रेकडाउनको सुरुवात भयो जसलाई अंग्रेजीले "e-science" भन्छन भने अमेरिकीहरूले "cyberinfrastructure" शब्द डब गरे। पछि मानविकीहरूले साझा शब्द "ई-रिसर्च" लाई प्रयोग गरे ।
"ग्रिड कम्प्युटिङ भनेको सुपर कम्प्युटरको प्रयोग बाट गरिने Computational work हो। सामान्यता हामिले कल्पना पनि गर्न सक्दैनौ “ग्रिड कम्प्युटिङको” पावर लाई। उदाहरणको लागी, Google सर्भरको बारेमा सोच्नुहोस् ।
eResearch is the term applied to the use of information and communication technologies (ICT's) to the practice of research. Key areas include collaboration, computation (including high performance computing), visualisation, research data management and tools. e-Research (1) takes advantage of Internet-based tools and techniques, (2) use of digital tools, technologies and processes applied to the research activities, and (3) collaborative research will be undertaken virtually with the support of information and communications technology (infoscience ondemand, 2018). Therefore e-researchers do work with computer-enabled collaboration in various forms, from the breaking-down of institutional barriers to the spread of inter- and multi-disciplinary research teams. eResearch is the use of distributed computing resources to provide researchers with access to very large data collections, very large-scale computing resources and high-performance analysis, modelling and visualisation. eResearch facilitates collaboration and the sharing of knowledge between researchers, particularly across disciplines.
The concepts of eScience and eResearch have emerged from the growing use of information technologies, high speed networks and online instruments within the research community. eScience is characterised by largescale, distributed scientific collaborations enabled by the Internet and related technologies. eResearch is the more general term, which covers eScience as well as non-scientific research, such as in the humanities and social sciences(blogsopt, The University of Queensland, 2016). There are reserachers who use e-Research techniques, but they’re still researchers; Over time, most or all research will be based on e-Research approaches, and then the term e-Research may be defined as “application of advanced information and communications technologies to the practice of research”(Dorothea Salo, 2009).