शिक्षा र सरोकार

In the present context of Nepal, the political parties have the different views about the formation of federal states. What sort of federal state should be promulgated from the Constituent Assembly? Write a letter to the head of Constituent Committee with your logics. Sallaghari Bhaktapur-17 28th Chaitra, 2071 The Chairman, The Constituent Committee, Kathmandu. Subject: Views about formation of federal states Respected Sir, I feel very proud to share with you that Nepal has successfully conducted the second election for the Constituent Assembly (CA). It has given chances for hopes of people. But, we feel bad that the CA of 2064 BS could not make a new constitution for Nepalese people. And, the new CA of 2070 may face similar problems in course of preparing it. Sir, one of the causes the CA of 2064 could not draft constitution was 'issues on federalism'. It could not create consensus among the political parties regarding the bases of federalism. Some debated in favour ...

VERY SHORT QUESTIONS 1. What do you mean by black hand society? = It is the name of the secret organization formed in serbia in 1911 by young serb nationalists , which aimed at serbian independence from austria and turkey. 2.When was ww1 fought? = From 28th july 1914 to 11th Nov 1918 A.D 3. What is understood by Sick man of europe? = The term sick man of europe refers to the declining turkey which was losing many of its territories of ottoman empire as new independence countries before world war ! 4. How were the fighting nation divided into 2 blocks in ww!? =World war first was fought between central power and alies formed in the following ways: Central power : Germany,austria- hungary and italy Allies power : Great britain , france and russia (But italy withdrew from central power and united states later joined allies) 5. What is balkan league? = An alliance of balkan countries , i.e Greece ,Bulgeria ,Serbia and Montenegro which was formed for libreation aganist the turk...

The king promulgated the constitution of the kingdom of Nepal in 2015 BS. This constitution had 10 parts, 77 articles, and schedules. It made provisions for fundamental rights, an independent judiciary, bicameral parliament, public service commission, emergency power, etc. The elections to the lower house of parliament were started on Falun 7, 2015 BS. It took about two months to complete them. In these elections, the Nepali Congress won 74 seats out of 109 seats. Thus, it was in the absolute majority. So Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, the Congress leader, was appointed Prime Minister by King Mahendra. He was sworn in only Ashadh 16, 2016 BS. The First Elected Cabinet 2016 BS This elected government was formed after nearly ten years of the advent of democracy in Nepal. It was the beginning of a stable and democratic political practice. Nepal just started to have socio-economic and political reformations. King Mahendra, who didn't like the multi-party democracy, took the opportunity ...

The Interim Government of 2047 BS 1. Krishna Prasad Bhattarai: PM, Defence, Foreign Affairs Palace (NC) 2. Sahana Pradhan – Minister: Industry and Commerce (ULF) 3. Yog Prasad Upadhyay –Minister: Home and Communication (NC) 4. Marshal Julum Sakya-Minister: Construction, Transport and Supply (NC) 5. Mahendra Narayan Nidhi-Minister: Water resource and Local development(NC) 6. Jhalanath Khanal- Minister: Forest, Land reforms and Agriculture (ULF) 7. Nilambar Acharya – Minister: Labour and Social welfare, Law and Tourism (ULF) 8. Devendra Raj Panday- Minister: Finance (Independent) 9. Mathura Prasad Shrestha- Minister: Health (Independent) 10. Achyut Raj Regmi- Minister: Housing And Physical Planning 11. Keshar Jung Rayamajhi –Minister: Education and Culture and General Administration This cabinet was entrusted with two important tasks – (i) getting a new constitution written and (ii) holding the elections to parliament. On Jestha 16, 2047 BS a ni...

After the victory of the Panchayat system in 2037 BS, the Panchayat supporters were arrogant. In 2038 BS, the election to the National Panchayat (the then parliament) was held and Surya Bahadur became the Prime Minister. While Surya Bahadur was the Prime Minister an inhuman incident took place in Sindhupalchowk district. Actually, some politicians were showing a cultural programme there when suddenly some policemen surrounded the spot and began firing at random. This incident as known as Piskar Massacre. Then the members of the National Panchayat passed a non-confidence motion against Surya Bahadur and he was replaced by Lokendra Bahadur Chand. Bombings The Nepali congress started Satyagraha (fight for truth) in 2042 BS throughout the country. While this was going on, unexpected bombings in Kathmandu, Pokhara, and other places shook the country. The blasting was made against the monarchy y Janabadi Morcha of Ram Raja Prasad Singh. The Nepali congress had to stop Satyagraha. The Panc...

Replacing the parliamentary democracy with Panchayat system, King Mahendra adopted a measure to strengthen his direct rule. He established Panchayat Ministry. The country was divided into 14 Zones and 75 Districts. The constitution of Nepal 2019 gave the party-less system. After the takeover of 2017 BS, the Nepali Congress leader Suvarna Shumsher announced an armed struggle. The government began to take very suppressive measures. As a result, the armed struggle was called off. Janakpur Incident In the meantime when King Mahendra was at Janakpur visit on 2018 BS, Durgananda Jha hurled a bomb at his jeep. The king had a narrow escape. This incident is known as Janakpur Incident. Durgananda was arrested along with two other men (Arabinda Kumar Thakur and Dalsingh Thapa). Durgananda Jha was hanged to death and the remaining two were sentenced to live imprisonment. In 2020 B.S., the Muluki Ain was changed. It ensured that everyone was equal in law. Child marriage was banned and divorce w...

The destructive and devastating war that took place from 1st September 1939 to 12th September 1945 is known as Second World War. There were great changes that occurred after the war. Some of them are: 1. Heavy loss of lives: About 12 million soldiers were killed and 25 million civilians were killed because of hunger, diseases, etc. About 24 million people became injured and handicapped in the battle. The atomic bombs dropped by US in Hiroshima and Nagasaki resulted in 160,000 casualties and destroyed the whole city. As a whole, Second World War was a very bad tragedy to mankind. 2. Loss of property: The Second World War destroyed huge amount of properties. It was estimated that 1000 billion dollars was spent in the war. America alone had spent 350 billion dollars. The war had completely or partially destroyed buildings, roads, infrastructures, warships, and fighter planes. 3. Division of world into two blocks and beginning of the cold war: The Second World War resulted the divisi...

The war that started on 1st September 1939 A.D. and spread worldwide and lasted till 1945 A.D. causing huge destruction of lives and properties is known as Second World War. The following are the major causes of the war: 1. Treaty of Versailles At the end of the first world war, a treaty was signed between the Allies group and Germany where Germany was badly humiliated. Germany had to accept the treaty with a knife in the throat. There was huge restriction in terms of military, weapons manufacturing and also had to pay 660 million pounds to Allies as war compensation. Such humiliation was not tolerable by the German people. This feeling of revenge led to the support of Adolf Hitler, who threatened world peace by violating the treaty that opened the door for second world war. 2. Rise of Hitler and Militarism: After World War I, German people suffered from several problems like unemployment. But Hitler established an arm industry which became source of employment for many German peop...

The First World War A situation in which almost all the countries of the world are directly or indirectly involved in armed fighting against their rivals block is called world war. One blocks countries may give arms, money, send military forces to the battle front for fighting against the military of the rival block. In 1914, the world was affected by a serious war which is known as First World War. Causes of the First World War 1. Groupism: One of the important and most responsible factor that caused the fierce and most destructive First World War was Groupism. The groupism was started by German chancellor Otto Von Bismarck. He sowed the seeds of the first world war. During that period, Germany, Italy and Austria made triple alliances and England and Japan had hostility between them so, the whole Europe was divided into two blocks: because of that division the doubt and enmity arose among the countries of Europe which finally caused the enormous and destructive World War from Euro...

Social, Political, Economical Achievements From 2007 to 2017 BS Economic Development 1. 5 Year Plan started for the first time. 2. Provision of Annual Budget started. 3. Nepal Rastra Bank and Agricultural Development Bank was started. 4. Tribhuvan Highway was constructed. 5. Telephone and telegram services were started. 6. The forest was nationalized. 7. The system of bitta was abolished. 8. Through NIDC (Nepal Industrial Development Corporation) establishment of industries was encouraged. Social Development 1. The Radio Nepal started its broadcasting service. 2. Establishment of Padma Kanya Multiple Campus, the first women college of Nepal in Bagbazar. 3. Paropakar Anathalaya was established by Dayabir Singh Kansakar. 4. Many English medium schools were established. Similarly, the number of schools reached 4191 whereas, during Rana regime, the number of schools was only 335. 5. Supreme Court was established. 6. Law college was established. 7. Tribhuvan University was ...